Governmental efforts towards fertility reduction often face a dilemma: babies who are planners' worry are also a parent's hope and joy (Mandelbaum 1974:110). The beliefs of the people on this subject and what planners believe ought to be done may on occasion diverge substantially.

Fertility behaviour includes not only biological but also social reproduction, involving a complex network of institutions.

The Muslim Marriage and Divorce (Amendment) Act, No. 24 of 2013, enacted by the Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, introduces reforms to the legal framework governing marriage and divorce within the Muslim community.

The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019, is a landmark legislation in India aimed at addressing and prohibiting the practice of instant triple talaq, or talaq-e-bid'ah, within the Muslim community.

The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986, is a significant legal provision in India designed to address the rights and welfare of Muslim women in the context of divorce. This Act was introduced in response to the Supreme Court's judgment in the case of Shah Bano Begum v.