Women experience disadvantage and oppression differentially, based on their status, context and location.

In recent decades, the most common means by which couples regulate fertility have changed from methods requiring control or cooperation by men, e.g., condoms, withdrawal and periodic abstinence, to those for which women bear primary responsibility e.g., virtually all-reversible modern methods.

Although female labour force participation is a growth driver, participation rates suggest a country’s potential for faster growth.