Transforming the Indian Labour Market through Women’s Participation: A Policy Paper

Abstract

This policy paper explores the trends, challenges, and policy imperatives surrounding women's participation in India's labour market. Despite recent improvements in female labour force participation rates, gender disparities persist due to factors such as concentration in informal and low-paying employment, lack of social protection, unpaid care responsibilities, and regional disparities. Drawing from the Periodic Labour Force Survey and other data, the paper highlights structural barriers and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women workers. It reviews key government initiatives aimed at enhancing women's economic engagement and proposes a multi-pronged policy strategy focusing on sector-specific employment policies, skilling, digital literacy, care infrastructure, and flexible working arrangements to ensure inclusive and sustainable growth.